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The information mentioned in the Ministry of Home Affairs Annual Report 2023-2024 stated that “The construction of fencing for a border length of 9.214 km at Moreh awarded to Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has been completed and work on the road along the fence is in progress.”

The India-Myanmar border stretches over 1,600 km and traverses four northeastern states, including Manipur. This porous border has been a hotspot for smuggling, illegal migration, and insurgent activities. The fencing project at Moreh, a key border town and a significant trade hub, is part of India’s broader effort to secure its borders and promote infrastructural development in the northeast.
India shares a 1,643 km long border with Myanmar which passes through the States of Arunachal Pradesh (520 km), Nagaland (215 km), Manipur (398 km) and Mizoram (510 km).

Out of the 1,643 km border, the demarcation of the 1,472 km border has been completed. Construction work on two pilot projects of a Hybrid surveillance system, one km each in Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur has been awarded to Assam Rifles and work is in progress

“The construction of 20.862 km fence and road was awarded to BRO in February, 2024 for which the work is in progress,” added the MHA report.

BrahMos-II will be the world’s largest missile, with a range of 1,500 kilometers and a speed 7 to 8 times the speed of sound, reaching up to 9,000 km/h.

Russia’s Zircon technology will be used to manufacture the BrahMos-II missiles. The new missile can be launched from submarines, air and territory. Its range can target Islamabad and any city of China.

This missile would be capable of destroying the target within 5-8 minutes. 

How was the first BrahMos Missile developed?

India developed BrahMos missile with the help of Russia which has a target range of 290 kilometres. Its speed is Mach 2.8 which is the fastest speed in the world. This missile is named after India’s Brahmaputra river and Russia’s Moskva river. 

Missile works on target and forget principle

BrahMos is a multi-platform missile that can be launched from land, air, or sea with high precision, even in adverse weather conditions. It operates on the ‘Target and Forget’ principle, meaning it doesn’t require further guidance after launch. The BrahMos-II, a hypersonic version, is expected to be deployed by 2027-28.

The groundbreaking technology, jointly developed by China’s state-owned China Mobile Communications Group, and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), aims to build the largest unmanned army on the planet, consisting intelligent war machines, including drones, robot dogs, and other forms of military robots driven by artificial intelligence (AI).

The deployment of the 5G mobile base station, the first in the world is led by a senior engineer of the Chinese army and marks a major push towards China’s goal of building the world’s largest unmanned army, experts said.

China 5G mobile base capabilities

According to details, China’s state-of-the-art 5G mobile base has been built as an all-terrain platform, featuring a small antenna to ensure it does not collide with buildings and trees while operating urban or forest areas.

The mobile base will have drones which will fly in turns, acting as an aerial base station, and one drone will hand the command to another if its about to run out of battery. The drone will then land on the vehicle’s roof to recharge itself while the other drone carries is operational.

The platform will reportedly have around three to four such drones at all times.

As per details revealed in the Telecommunication Science — a peer-review journal sponsored by the China Institute of Communications, the Chinese Army has successfully tested the system under multiple scenarios and the platform has performed flawlessly even when the soldiers are moving at high speeds of up to 80 kmph in complex terrains such as mountains or cities.

According to the paper published in the Chinese journal on December 17, the 5G mobile base station provides connectivity at 10 gigabits per second at latency of 15 m/s, even if there is electromagnetic interference from the enemy.

Military experts believe that China is engaged in building the largest unmanned army on Earth, that includes powerful military drones, robot dogs, and other unmanned combat platforms. Additionally, Beijing’s progress has also cleared the way for large-scale use of these AI-based war machines.

Citizens will notice changes in the Employee Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) processes and alterations to the Unified Payment Interface (UPI), which will impact people’s finances.

Here’s the list of changes that will take effect from January 1, 2025-

EPFO 

It is being reportedly said that the EPFO is all set to make changes in the pension withdrawal process from January 1 after making it part of the Centralised Pension Payment System  (CPPS). Now a citizen can withdraw his or her pension from any bank without going through a hassle-free pension. 

It is also worth mentioning here that the EPFO may soon release an ATM so the beneficiary can withdraw the money at any time in 24 hours. Above all, the EPFO may remove the cap this year too.

GST-

Keeping in mind for better security for the taxpayer on the GST website, the multi-factor authentication will be made compulsory. Beside this, E-Bills can only be generated for base documents and it should not be older than 180  days.  

UPI and farmer loans

According to a recent circular by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), from January 1, the UPI 123 Pay is going to observe an increase in the transaction limit from Rs 5000 to Rs 10000. 

Apart from this, the central bank has raised the limit for farmer loans to Rs 2 lakh from Rs 1.60 lakh. 

Visa

Rescheduling of Visa appointment

Non-immigrant visa applicants for the United States will get the advantage of one-free rescheduling of their visa appointment from January 1, 2025. 

Changes in H1-B Visa

As per new norms from January 15, 2025, The H1-B visa process will become more flexible for employers and it would be accessible for F-1 visa holders. 

LPG Pricing

The Centre is going to reduce the prices of commercial LPG from Rs 1818.50 to Rs 1804 across the country. 

The California-based Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals had upheld a lower federal court verdict permitting his extradition and ruled that the 1997 extradition treaty between India and the US covered his alleged offences. A three-panel appeals court bench had heard the habeas corpus petition against the Central California District Court judgement allowing Rana’s extradition.

Charges against Tahawwur Rana

For those unversed, Tahawwur Rana faced three main charges in a Chicago federal court relating to his involvement in the Danish case, providing support to Lashkar, and conspiring for the 26/11 Mumbai attacks. He was acquitted of the Mumbai attack charge, but convicted in the other two and sentenced to 14 years. The appeals court ruled that his acquittal in the Mumbai attack charge did not affect his extradition because in India he faces several different charges.

The charges include conspiracy, waging war, murder, terrorism, and forgery, the judgement noted. Rana was released after seven years on compassionate grounds during the Covid pandemic, following which India requested his extradition to face trial there, which the magistrate judge approved. Rana is a former Pakistan Army doctor who set up an immigration service after immigrating to Canada.

Why is Tahawwur Rana’s extradition important?

Rana’s extradition would be a partial fulfillment of India’s attempts to get the US-based Lashkar-e-Taiba accomplices face trial in India as Washington had refused to extradite Rana’s Pakistani-American accomplice Daood Gilani, who uses the name David Headley. Headley had worked as an informant for the US government’s Drug Enforcement Agency and after admitting to 12 terrorism-related charges, made a deal to cooperate with the US government on the condition that he will not be extradited. The judgement mentioned Rana helping Headley get a five-year visa for India under the pretext of setting up a branch of his business there.

(With inputs from agencies)

India an ‘important neighbour’

Commenting on the present state of India-Bangladesh relations, General Waker-Uz-Zaman stressed that the two countries have a “give and take relationship” which must be based on fairness and equality, and Dhaka must also ensure to maintain good ties with New Delhi based on these principles.

“India is an important neighbour. We are dependent on India in many ways. And India is getting facilities from us too. A large number of their people are working in Bangladesh, formally and informally. Many people go for medical treatment to India from here. We buy a lot of goods from them. So India has a lot of interests in Bangladesh’s stability. This is a give-and-take relationship,” Bangladesh’s Chief of Army staff said.

Ties must be based on fairness, equality

General Zaman said that India-Bangladesh relations must be based on fairness and the Bangladeshi citizens should not feel that New Delhi is “dominating” the balance.

“This must be based on fairness. Any country will want to get benefits from the other. There is nothing wrong in that. If we want extract our benefits, then we are to blame too. We must look into these matters. We have to maintain good relations based on equality. The people in no way should feel India is dominating over us, which goes against our interests. People should not feel this in any way,” he stated.

India, Bangladesh should protect each other’s strategic interests

Asked about India seeking cooperation from Bangladesh to ensure security in northeast India, the Army chief assured that Bangladesh will not do anything that goes against the strategic interests of India and expect the same from New Delhi, adding that both nations should after their interests with equal importance.

“See, the thing is that we will not do anything with our neighbour that goes against their strategic interests. At the same time, we will expect that our neighbour does nothing that is contrary to our interests. When we look after their interests, they will look after our interests with equal importance,” General Zaman said.

The Bangladesh Army Chief noted that India-Bangladesh relations must be on equal footing. “Unrest will not be created in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The stability along the Myanmar border will not be disrupted either. They will not kill our people along the borders. We will get our fair share of water. There is no problem with this. Let the relations be on equal footing,” he said.

‘Historic’ mass movement led to Hasina’s fall

Asked about the last year’s student protests which snowballed into a mass movement that toppled the Sheikh Hasina regime, General Waker-Uz-Zaman called the event “historic”, and noted that Bangladeshis are now eagerly awaiting a free, fair, and peaceful election in the country after decades.

General Zaman said the Muhammad Yunus-led interim government is working towards that main objective of conducting an election in Bangladesh, and assured that the Army will cooperate fully in implementing the election framework drawn up by the interim govt.

India-Bangladesh relations at all-time low

India-Bangladesh relations have hit an all-time low after the ouster of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, and an interim government led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, coming to the helm in Dhaka.

Bangladesh has witnessed widespread communal violence against minorities, especially Hindus, which has soured Dhaka’s ties with New Delhi, with the latter accusing the Yunus-led interim government of not doing enough, and turning a blind eye to the atrocities perpetrated by radical Islamist elements against the minority Hindu community in the country.

Additionally, apart from moving away from India, Bangladesh has started building closer ties, including defence, strategic, and economic, with New Delhi’s rivals, Pakistan and China.

(With inputs from agencies)

To provide shelters to the homeless, the Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board (DUSIB) has established 235 temporary shelters, including pagoda tents at several key locations of the national capital like AIIMS, Lodhi Road, and Nizamuddin flyover. Many residents of Delhi were seen gathering around bonfires and taking shelter in night homes as the temperature drops.

Temperature drop in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh

The relentless chill shows no signs of easing, as the cold weather conditions persists and blankets the region in its icy grip. In Rajasthan, the significant temperature drop is severely affecting the life of the residents by impacting daily routines. According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Jaipur recorded a temperature of 7.2 degree Celsius at 8:30 am, while Bikaner and Churu recorded lows of 7 degree Celsius and 6 degree Celsius, respectively. Meanwhile, Uttar Pradesh also faced a sharp drop in temperatures, with Ayodhya shrouded in fog and cities like Meerut and Lucknow recording temperatures of 9 degree Celsius and 10  degree Celsius, respectively.

Freezing conditions in Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir is enduring even harsher conditions, with several regions plummeting below zero temperatures. According to Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), at 8:30 am, Srinagar recorded the temperature at -1.5 degree Celsius, Gulmarg at -2.4 degree Celsius, Banihal at 0.4 degree celsius, Kupwara at 0.4 degrees Celsius, and Pahalgam at -6 degree Celsius, leading to the freezing of Dal Lake’s surface.

Religious celebrations amidst cold weather 

Despite the biting cold, people across the country flocked to religious places to celebrate the New Year. In cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Ayodhya, Haridwar, Mathura, Ajmer, Tirupati, Varanasi, Chennai and Guwahati, worshippers gathered in large numbers at temples and churches, starting the day with prayers and rituals. In Delhi, the Pracheen Hanuman Mandir in Connaught Place and the Jhandewalan temple witnessed devotees enduring the cold weather, to take part in morning ‘aarti.’

(with inputs from agencies)

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LIVE Updates Kerala Lottery Result 

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“Happy 2025! May this year bring everyone new opportunities, success, and endless joy. May everybody be blessed with wonderful health and prosperity,” PM Modi said on X.

Happy 2025!

May this year bring everyone new opportunities, success and endless joy. May everybody be blessed with wonderful health and prosperity.

— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) January 1, 2025

Meanwhile, President Droupadi Murmu also extended her heartfelt greetings for the new year. Taking to X, the President wished for 2025 with joy, harmony, and prosperity for all and called for creating a brighter, more inclusive, and sustainable future for India as well as the world.

“Wishing everyone a very Happy New Year! May the year 2025 bring joy, harmony, and prosperity to all! On this occasion, let us renew our commitment to work together for creating a brighter, more inclusive, and sustainable future for India and the world,” President Murmu said on X.

Wishing everyone a very Happy New Year! May the year 2025 bring joy, harmony and prosperity to all! On this occasion, let us renew our commitment to work together for creating a brighter, more inclusive and sustainable future for India and the world.

— President of India (@rashtrapatibhvn) January 1, 2025

India welcomed the year 2025 with celebrations across the country, as people in various cities marked the occasion with joy and enthusiasm. New Year celebrations began in many cities with parties, cultural events, live music performances, and themed decorations. In Delhi, famous spots like Hauz Khas, Connaught Place, and Lajpat Nagar were filled with large crowds celebrating the New Year. To ensure a safe celebration, Delhi Police made prior security arrangements.

In Punjab’s Amritsar, people gathered at the Golden Temple to welcome the New Year. Hotels in many cities also hosted special celebrations for the occasion. In Madhya Pradesh’s Bhopal, people were seen dancing in the streets as they welcomed 2025. Similarly, in Lucknow, people danced and celebrated as the clock struck midnight.

As the New Year arrived, many cities witnessed spectacular fireworks displays. In Mumbai, beaches like Juhu Beach, Chowpatty Beach, and Versova Beach were packed with revellers. People also gathered at Marine Drive to watch the fireworks. Meanwhile, in Himachal Pradesh’s Manali, a popular tourist destination, crowds danced and cheered in the streets.

In West Bengal, people celebrated with lights flashing from their mobile phones. In Kerala’s Thiruvananthapuram, fireworks lit up the sky, marking the arrival of the New Year. In Andhra Pradesh’s Visakhapatnam, people also celebrated by cutting cakes. In Tamil Nadu’s Coimbatore, percussion instruments were played in the streets, while Chennai witnessed a huge crowd celebrating the occasion.

Features of the Sixth-Generation Fighter Aircraft

• The stealth technology has made significant advancements in recent years, becoming more practical and reliable.
• Sixth-generation fighter aircraft will need to elevate their stealth capabilities even further, ensuring they are easier to maintain and deliver superior performance.
• These next-generation aircraft will need to process large amounts of detailed data and adjust it seamlessly to avoid complications on the battlefield.
• Advanced sensors equipped on these aircraft will provide an eagle-eye view of their surroundings, enabling them to outmaneuver radar and infrared detection systems.

One of the special features of THE sixth-generation fighter jets is ITS ability to act as hubs within a broader warfare network. China’s fighter jets will likely leverage advancements in secure communication, quantum computing, and data fusion to dominate the information spectrum on the battlefield. These jets operate through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems.

Which countries are in the race for sixth-generation aircraft?

The race to develop sixth-generation fighter jets includes the United States, China, and Russia. Additionally, Japan, Italy, France, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom are also leading contenders. The first sixth-generation fighter jets are expected to enter service in the 2030s.

In the national capital, Delhi, popular areas such as Hauz Khas, Connaught Place, and Lajpat Nagar witnessed large crowds. Security arrangements were heightened by Delhi Police to ensure a safe and seamless experience for people. Meanwhile, in Amritsar, the Golden Temple became a focal point for New Year prayers and gatherings, while hotels in various cities hosted special celebration events for the occasion. 

Madhya Pradesh’s Bhopal saw citizens dancing in the streets, while in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, also witnessed similar scenes as people celebrated the arrival of the New Year. Across cities, fireworks lit up the night sky, with Mumbai’s iconic beaches, including Juhu Beach, Chowpatty Beach, and Versova Beach were packed with large crowds, complemented by gatherings along Marine Drive.

Manali in Himachal Pradesh, a popular tourist destination, hosted vibrant street celebrations. In West Bengal, celebrants illuminated the night with mobile phone lights, while in Kerala’s Thiruvananthapuram, a spectacular fireworks lit up the sky marked the arrival of the New Year. Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, saw residents take part in cake-cutting ceremonies, adding a festive touch to the night.

President Droupadi Murmu extended her New Year greetings to the nation on the New Year eve, stating, “On the joyous occasion of the new year, I extend my heartiest greetings and best wishes to all Indians, living in India and abroad. The coming of the new year marks the beginning of new hopes, dreams, and aspirations in our lives. Let us welcome the New Year with joy and enthusiasm and take our society and nation further on the path of unity and excellence.”

While addressing the officials of Army War college at Mhow cantonment,  Singh said that the government has set a target to achieve defence exports of Rs 50000 crore.

The defense minister said that mastering frontier technology is the need of the hour in the constantly evolving times, noting that military training centres are playing a crucial role in equipping and readying soldiers to deal with future challenges.

“Our defence exports, which were around Rs 2,000 crore a decade ago, have crossed the record figure of Rs 21,000 crore today. We have set an export target of Rs 50,000 crore by 2029,” Singh said.

He said Made-in-India equipment is being exported to other countries.

Singh cited radical changes in warfare in his speech, saying that unconventional methods like information warfare, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based warfare, proxy warfare, electromagnetic warfare, space warfare, and cyber-attacks are posing a big challenge.

The defence minister highlighted the need for the military to be well-trained and equipped to fight off such attacks and lauded training centres in Mhow for their valuable contributions.

Singh applauded the training centres for constantly improving their training curriculum as per changing times, and striving to make the personnel fighting fit for every kind of challenge.

While speaking to ANI, he said, This entire year has been very unfortunate. I feel regret and I want to say sorry to the people of the state for what is happening till today, since last May 3. Many people lost their loved ones. Many people left their homes. I really feel regret. I would like to apologise…Now, I hope after seeing the last 3-4 months’ progress towards peace, I hope that with the New Year 2025, normalcy and peace will be restored in the state. I want to appeal to all the communities of the state that whatever happened has happened. We now have to forget past mistakes and have to start a new life. A peaceful Manipur, a prosperous Manipur, we should all live together.” 

“Till now, altogether roughly 200 people have died and around 12,247 FIRs were registered and 625 accused were arrested and around 5,600 arms and weapons were including explosives and around 35,000 ammunitions were recovered. Good progress is there in tackling the issues. The central government has provided enough security personnel and enough funds to help the displaced families and enough funds to construct new houses for the displaced persons,”  the chief minister said. 

The violence in Manipur between the Meitei and the Kuki communities erupted after a rally by the All Tribal Students Union of Manipur (ATSUM) on May 3, 2023, following the Manipur High Court order directing the state to consider the inclusion of the Meitei community in the Scheduled Tribes list.

Hailing from Kollengode in Kerala’s Palakkad district, Nimisha Priya has been reportedly handed capital punishment for allegedly murdering a Yemeni citizen.

Randhir Jaiswal, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) official spokesperson said that New Delhi is extending all possible help in the matter.

“We are aware of the sentencing of Nimisha Priya in Yemen. We understand that the family of Priya is exploring relevant options. The government is extending all possible help in the matter,” said Jaiswal in reply to a media query.

Reports said Priya was handed capital punishment by a trial court in 2020 and Yemen’s Supreme Judicial Council upheld the verdict in November 2023.

Yemen’s President Rashad al-Alimi has reportedly approved Priya’s death sentence.

Residents were agitated as the Builder had issued a notice without holding a mandatory meeting and discussion with the residents in which it was to be decided how to proceed with the scrutiny of the Audited Accounts of the maintenance expenses incurred by Premium Facility and JLL.

The Maintenance Department, headed by JLL and a Representative of the builder, informed the agitating residents that they were not in a position to give any reply today as responsible authority was not accessible.

The protesting Residents issued an ultimatum that in absence of a definite reply on the issue of rise in Common Area Maintenance Charges, agitation will continue.

This isn’t the first time IRCTC has faced recent technical hitches; it experienced another major glitch on December 26. The latest hiccup stirred a wave of agitation among users, particularly those frantic to nab Tatkal tickets—tickets that are only available for reservation a day before the journey.

As the day progressed, outage-tracking service, Downdetector identified an upward trend in reported glitches during the morning hours. It estimated that roughly 700 users reported about facing issues.

Furious users took to social media platforms to express their anger. Several accused the IRCTC system of being manipulated.

While others claimed that they were able to book only premium Tatkal tickets, double the standard rates after the service was restored.

“Dear@IRCTCofficial, your tour services have consistently failed to meet expectations. Booking Tatkal tickets has been a frustrating experience, both 10 years ago and even now. It might be time to reconsider offering services that do not meet acceptable standards. @RailMinIndia,” wrote one user on X (formerly Twitter).

Another wrote “Why can’t the engineers/Govt think of any alternate solutions for irctc tatkal bottleneck? I have always faced problems when booking tatkal, what’s the purpose of a system if it cannot serve a purpose?”.

According to the 2011 Census, the Christian community in India constitutes 2.3 per cent of the population. In the northeastern states, the Christian population is between 80-90 per cent, but Kerala has the highest number of churches in the country. There are approximately 10,000 small and large churches in Kerala. The population of Kerala is 54.73 per cent Hindu, 26.56 per cent Muslim, 18.38 per cent Christian, and the remaining 0.33 per cent follows other religions or none at all.

How did Christians arrive in Kerala?

Christianity arrived in Kerala much earlier than in other parts of India. Saint Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ, brought Christianity to Kerala in 52 AD. He was on a mission to spread Christianity across the world, and he traveled by sea to the southern coast of India. The earliest document mentioning this event is a book called Acts of Thomas, which was written in Edessa between the 2nd and 4th centuries.

The Acts of Thomas states that Saint Thomas, on his first mission, traveled with the merchant Abbanes to the capital of the Parthian king Gondophares, who ruled over Afghanistan and Punjab, with Takshashila as his capital. On his second mission, Saint Thomas traveled to a region in South India, which was under the rule of the Chola dynasty in the first century, where people followed various religions, including Brahmanism, Judaism, Buddhism, Jainism, and nature worship.

How did Christianity spread in Kerala?

Christianity spread in Kerala through the efforts of Saint Thomas, who arrived on the Malabar Coast of South India. He stayed in Kerala and Tamil Nadu for about 20 years, spreading the teachings of Christianity. Saint Thomas converted the Aramaic-speaking Jews living in Kerala to Christianity and then began preaching the gospel to the indigenous people. Afterward, he traveled to the Coromandel Coast in southeastern India and continued spreading Christianity in northeastern states such as Nagaland and Meghalaya before settling in Tamil Nadu. While on his mission in Mylapore near Madras, he was martyred.

In the 4th century, Thomas of Kana, along with 72 families, arrived from the Middle East as Syrian Christians. By the 10th century, many persecuted Christians from the Middle East also settled in Kerala. The Portuguese missionaries began spreading Christianity in Kerala in 1490, coinciding with the beginning of the Portuguese colonial era. Initially focused on trade, the Portuguese and later Dutch missionaries came to Kerala to spread the gospel. Many tribal communities living along Kerala’s coastal areas converted to Christianity in the hope of a better life.

The caste system played a significant role in the spread of Christianity in Kerala. Many people converted to Christianity, believing it would help them avoid caste-based discrimination and earn a higher social status. Local rulers’ favorable attitude toward foreigners also encouraged this process. The oppression, hunger, and killings faced by lower castes attracted them to different faiths, and Christianity offered freedom from caste-based servitude. Thus, the spread of Christianity continued, and today, one in every five people in Kerala belongs to the Christian community.

First church in Kerala